Boko Haram Is A Terrorist Extremist Group - 2204 Words

Introduction Boko Haram is a terrorist extremist group that fights against Christianity. Their goal is to turn the world into Islam believers. Right now they have focused on Africa, Nigeria in particular. In order to do this, they have taken over towns, stolen girls from schools and brought terror to Nigeria. Boko Haram promotes a version of Islam which makes it haram, or forbidden, for Muslims to take part in any political or social activity associated with Western society. This includes voting in elections, wearing shirts and trousers or receiving a secular education. Boko Haram regards the Nigerian state as being run by non-believers, even when the country had a Muslim president - and it has extended its military campaign by targeting neighbouring states. A) Full Reference: Chothia, Farouk. Who Are Nigeria’s Boko Haram Islamists. BBC UK. BBC UK, 4 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. Article No: 1 Headline: Who are Nigeria s Boko Haram Islamists? Source: BBC UK Author: Farouk Chothia Date: 4 May 2015 A) Glossary of Key Words: Maiduguri, Sokoto caliphate, Mohammed Yusuf, mosque, Borno, Abubakar Shekau, al-Qaeda, President Goodluck Jonathan, Borno, Yobe and Adamawa. B) Article Summary (100 words Approx.) This article explained who Boko Haram is, who leads it. It explains their intentions, plans and their actions. One of the key incidents that occurred in Nigeria, 219 school girls were taken by Boko Haram, this was also spoken about in the article. It gave a clear insightShow MoreRelatedChristian Persecution in Nigeria790 Words   |  3 PagesChristian persecution by Muslim extremists in (mainly) northern Nigeria is and has been a serious problem for several years. The main contributors to this issue are the Islamic extremist and Muslim purist organization, Boko Haram. According to Religion Today, over 3000 people have been killed since Boko Haram began it’s insurgency. Murders and jihads are a regular occurrence in Nigeria, with new reports seemingly coming out every day of another terrorist attack or mass shooting. With government beingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Country Of Nigeria1584 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorism by northern Nigeri an Islam extremists are becoming much more frequent because of a rather newly created terrorist group, Boko Haram. The group is growing in power and most likely is not being shut down any time soon. There are many reasons for this, including many Nigerian citizens being in poverty, Nigeria’s corrupt government, and most crucial, religious conflict. Nigeria is a very diverse nation, where there are many different ethnic and religious groups. The country is split almost perfectlyRead MoreBoko Haram And Its Effect On Women And Children1604 Words   |  7 PagesBoko Haram is the infamous insurgency that sprang up in Nigeria in 2002 with then relative influence that has now gone on to gain worldwide attention thanks in part to their horrendous abduction of over 200 young schoolgirls. This terrorist group is responsible for â€Å"numerous attacks on government and civilian targets that resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries, widespread destruction, the internal displacement of 1.8 million persons, and the external displacement of an estimated 191,000 NigerianRead MoreBoko Haram : A Serious Problem1628 Words   |  7 Pagesthere has been an increasing threat posed by growing numbers of homegrown terrorists that have managed to become a serious problem to the nation. In recent times, several terror attacks have been mounted i n major towns and cities spread across the country. The major religious terrorist group, Boko Haram, has caused chaos in these areas causing substantial damage in the regions over which they have gained control. Boko Haram militants have taken over a majority of the regions in the north and declaredRead MoreBoko Haram Is The Most Powerful Group1468 Words   |  6 Pagesunbridled by Boko Haram. Nigeria has always been at the heart of security threatening challenges, but Boko Haram is the most powerful group as of yet. Boko Haram has claimed responsibility for many bombings and other terrorist activities north and central Nigeria, thus placing Nigeria on the verge of dissolution. Till date, terror caused by Boko Hara has resulted in an estimate of about 10,000 deaths. Boko Haram, officially called Jama’tu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’Awati Wal-Jihad, is a Sunni extremist terroristRead MoreTerrorism And Terrorist Organizations Across Different Continents1552 Words   |  7 Pages The topic that our group decided to choose was terrorism because of the huge impact it has on the society we live in today. With the recent attacks in Paris, terrorism as a whole needs to be discussed. The specific section on terrorism that was given to me included different terrorist groups abroad. There are endless terrorist organization in numerous countries that would take hours to discuss all, but this will discuss the top four most known and deadliest terrorist organizations across differentRead MoreBoko Haram Is The Elusive Master Mind Behind The Islamic State2063 Words   |  9 PagesThe group, Boko Haram, was created 14 years ago by Mohammed Yusuf (1970-2009) to create and pure Islamic state in Nigeria. With the development in technology over the last ten years the internet has become a freeway of information. This has created the perfect opportunity for terrorist groups to blossom and spread their messages to lands far away from their previous reach. Mohammed Yusuf Ideals were focused on making Nigeria a â€Å"pure Islamic State†. In 2009 police found and killed him which with mediaRead MoreIslam Extremism And Islamic Terrorism Essay1827 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Jama atu Ahl as-Sunnah li-Da awati wal-Jihad† (People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet s Teachings and Jihad) is also known as Boko Haram, which translates to â€Å"Western education is a sin† (Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, 2014). It is an extremist Islamic group who fights against the Nigeria state. It has become a global concern because of its acts that can be categorized as terrorism attack lately. The motive of its activities is to establish and expand the Islamic empireRead MoreMiddle Eastern And African Terrorist Movements1414 Words   |  6 Pages Middle-Eastern and African Terrorist Movements Michael Scheil Troy University  Abstract Over the course of this paper Middle-Eastern and African Terrorist Movements will be examined with different organizations and networks used as source material. How states sponsor terrorism in different parts of the world and trends that influence violence in these parts of the world.  When talking about terrorist goals and campaigns, many people group all of the countries in the Middle East andRead MoreBoko Haram : A Deadly Mission1625 Words   |  7 Pagestheir dislike; whether a group of people are supposedly the cause for economic crisis, or they are associated with terrorists. People learn to accept differences and work together, but in extreme cases where the tensions are high things may get out of control. A current group who is on track for genocide, Boko Haram, looks to put a â€Å"ban on all things Western† (The Deadly Mission Of Boko Haram.). This is a terror group that will stop at nothing to get what it covets. Boko Haram operates in Nigeria

Making a Wise Choice by Avoiding Early Marriage Free Essays

He has his whole life ahead of him and he still has lots to learn and experience. . What qualities of a mature person does the author possess? -The author seems to possess the qualities of being a mature, wise and responsible Individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Making a Wise Choice by Avoiding Early Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are evident In the decisions that he made based on morality and not on emotions. He learned from the experiences of his friends and made a realization that a mature person must not act on Impulse and every decision must be done with critical and reflective thinking. . What qualities of an Immature person do you find In his friends? -Considering the choices made by his friends regarding relationships, we think hat they are Immature In a way how they made decisions without weighing the consequences of their actions. Sure, they were ready to face the foreseen responsibilities of being a father but they were not mentally and financially prepared to create a family of their own. 4. Have you had any encounter with Incidents salary to those of the author? Give a personal reaction to your observation In relation to getting married and having a family. -We haven’t had such encounters salary to the author. However, we think that entering a relationship and getting married Is a fastidious decision that requires ore time and experience to learn from. It entails huge responsibility that must not be taken lightly. Not everyone Is destined or given the opportunity to have a family; some embrace the path of single blessedness while others are called to live a religious life. Making a Wise Choice by Avoiding Early Marriage By Karakas-Manual MANUAL, Karakas Pauline D. J. HOBBIES, Mane Crystal JOY L. Responsible individual. These are evident in the decisions that he made based on made a realization that a mature person must not act on impulse and every decision 3. What qualities of an immature person do you find in his friends? Hat they are immature in a way how they made decisions without weighing the 4. Have you had any encounter with incidents similar to those of the author? Give a personal reaction to your observation in relation to getting married and having a -We haven’t had such encounters similar to the author. However, we think that entering a relationship and getting married is a fastidious decision that requires more time and experience to learn from. It entails huge responsibility that must not be taken lightly. Not everyone is destined or given the opportunity to have a family; religious life. How to cite Making a Wise Choice by Avoiding Early Marriage, Papers

Loan Management System Project Proposal free essay sample

All organizations whether large or small have a form of record(s) for their finances. Financial institutions are organizations that offer money lending services to people and business organizations have written records of their clients. A loan management system is a database management system used to automate the loan services of financial institutions. It serves the purpose of easy file retrieval and entry. The automation of loan services not only provides secure services of the loan details to the customer and the organization but also serves the organization huge sums of money that would have been spent on stationary in a case where a file system is used. In short the system will enable money lending organizations to provide good customer relations by being able to preserve the integrity of the loan details, to enable easy file access and retrieval and increase security on customer details. This project is concerned with the design, development and implementation of a database that will enable money lending organizations to record the lending of money, proposed period of servicing the loan, reasons for borrowing, customer details and generating reports about loans. We will write a custom essay sample on Loan Management System Project Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 1 Problem statement The managing of huge data effectively and efficiently for efficient results, storing of confidential information such as the customers details and the loan details, in such a way that the database can be modified proves to be cumbersome. High costs spent on stationary for the loan application forms * The system is error prone. * It is easy to temper with the files with the current system. * Lack of properly integrated system to capture customer details and loan application details at the same time. * Either no reports generating in the current system or they are generated with great difficulty. Reports take time to generate in the current system. 1. 2 Needs statement The majority of money lending institutions are faced problems of high costs in stationary for loan application forms, there are errors when the forms are being filled in which leads to wastage of paper. Loan files easily go missing and the security of the files at a high potential risk as they can be easily altered or stolen. The organization requires an integrated system that will enable agents to capture data both customer details and loan application details with ease. The feasibility study was carried out to test whether the proposed system is worth being implemented. Feasibility study is a test of system proposed regarding its work ability, its impact on the organization ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources. It is usually carried out by a small number of people who are familiar with the information system techniques, understand the part of the business or organization that will be involved or effected by the project and are skilled in the system analysis and design process. . 3 Objectives * Investigate the loan services of microfinance organizations. * Produce system requirements specification. * Design and develop the proposed system * Implement a loan management system that will hold information to enable money lending institutions become more efficient. * Production of user documentation and technical documentation. 1. 4 PROPOSED TECHNICAL APPROACH * * * *

Molson Canada Social Media Marketing free essay sample

Molson Canada has been facing negative reactions their recent social media marketing initiative, Cold Shots Campus Challenge. Parties claimed that this Facebook contest promoted irresponsible drinking behaviours among university students. As a result, Molson pulled the contest one week before the scheduled deadline. Now, Molson must evaluate the use of social media, specifically Facebook, in its marketing strategy. The available alternatives are to revamp the Facebook initiative, to focus on static webpages or to focus on traditional marketing strategies. The recommendation is to revamp the Facebook initiative over a period of three months with ongoing monitors and checkpoints. The projected cost of this recommendation is $75,500 initially, with recurrent annual costs of $36,000 per year. The advantage of this recommendation is that it can be easily expanded to include other types of social media, such as micro blogging, video sharing, photo sharing and online forums if the response to this project is positive. We will write a custom essay sample on Molson Canada Social Media Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 I. Key Issues Molson Canada faces four key issues moving forward from November 2007. The first issue is related to brand image. Brand image is the most important and urgent issue (see Chart 1) because of the negative feedback Molson received as a result of the Cold Shot Campus Challenge Facebook initiative. Molson is seen as promoting irresponsible drinking behaviour. In order to rectify the situation, Molson build and increase corporate social responsibility and continue to engage the community in a positive way. Another key issue is customer loyalty. There many negative responses to the Cold Shot Campus Challenge. These responses revolved around the issue of privacy issues of Facebook users. Moreover, because of these unethical practices, customer loyalty to Molson brand may have been negatively affected. Customer loyalty is ranked as an issue of low importance and high urgency because Molson Canada has customer loyalty currently, having been around since 1796. It is ranked as urgent, because new consumers may be affected by the bad press Molson is getting as a result of the Cold Shot Campus Challenge. Thirdly, competition is an important issue for Molson. Molson faces high completion both on the domestic and international level. At the domestic level, Molson’s main competitor is Labatt bear. At the international level, Molson competes against InBev NV, Anheuser-Busch and SABMiller. Molson has a strong market position domestically, so the issue of competition is rated as high importance, but low urgency. If Molson is able to successfully use social media marketing, they may see an increase in market share, domestically and internationally. Competition is ranked as high importance, but low urgency because it is an issue that can be dealt with in the long term. 3 Finally, profitability is ranked as low importance and low urgency in the issues matrix in Chart 3. Molson faces fluctuating costs of input material, such as barley, wheat and aluminium. In 2007 saw the price of barley fluctuate widely (see Graph 1). If Molson is able to successfully market their product online, then they will be able to increase sales, thereby offsetting these fluctuations in profit margins. Chart 1: Ranking of Issues Urgency\ Importance Low Low Profitability High Customer Loyalty High Competition Brand Image II. Analysis SWOT Analysis Strength Strong Market Share Strong Brand Image Strong Revenue Brand Loyalty Opportunities International markets (Asia, SE Asia) Diversifying products/brands Social media marketing still relatively new Weakness Rely on a few product names Cannibalism Threats Strong Competition Fluctuation commodity prices (barley, wheat, aluminium) Molson’s strength is that it has a strong domestic market share, currently at 41% by volume in 2006. They also have strong revenue, generating $3. 61 billion in 2006 (Molson Coors 2006 annual report, 165). Internationally, Molson has 3. 8% market share, the fourth largest. Molson also has a strong brand image because of corporate social responsibility initiatives and community involvement. Community involvement includes the responsible drinking program, charitable initiatives and sports and entertainment sponsorships. Molson has brand loyalty because they have been established in Canada for more than 200 years. A weakness is that 4 Molson has few differentiated products and, therefore, may face cannibalism of their product lines. Currently, Molson’s strongest markets are North America and Europe. An opportunity for Molson is to branch into Asian markets. Another opportunity would be for Molson to diversify their product brand to include beverages other than alcoholic drinks. A marketing opportunity for Molson is to further develop their social media marketing strategy because their competitors have not yet successfully integrated social media into their marketing strategy. Some threats that Molson faces are fluctuating prices of barley, wheat and aluminium. Furthermore, they face high competition in the industry level. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Threat of New Entrants (Low) Bargining Power of Suppliers (Medium) Competitive Rivalry within Industry (High) Bargining Power of Buyers (Medium) Threat of Substitute Products (Medium) Molson Canada faces high competition within the industry. Although they are currently leading with 41% of market share in Canada, Labatt is trailing closely behind. Internationally, Molson ranks in fourth place. The threat of new entrants is low because of high capital costs and the 5 existence of established brands. The threat of substitute products is medium because alcohol is composed of readily available products, competition is high in the industry and there is little differentiation between products. The bargaining power of buyers is medium because of availability of substitute products, buyer information and little differential advantage. Finally, bargaining power of suppliers is medium because of fluctuating input costs. The following graph illustrates the constantly changing price for barley. Graph 1: Barley Monthly Prices, October 2006 to December 2007 210 US dollars/metric ton 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-07 Aug-07 Nov-07 Feb-08 (Barley Monthly Prices, 2007) Graph 2: Stock Market Prices of Molson (TAP) in 2007 (NYSE; http://www.wikinvest. com/wiki/TAP) 6 Looking at the share prices from October 2007 to December 2007, we can see that when the Cold Shots Campus Challenge was launched in mid-October, there was an increase in the stock price to the mid-50’s, however, throughout the marketing campaign, the stock prices dropped until it was pulled in end of November. Also 2007 saw fluctuating input costs which may also be a result of the fluctuating stock prices. Facebook is a social media opportunity that Molson should take advantage of. In 2007 Facebook had over 50 million active users (Facebook). Many of these users are part of the demographics that Molson wishes to target (younger generation). III. Alternatives Recommendations Alternative 1: Revamp Facebook initiative In this initiative, Molson would revamp the Facebook initiative by using the Facebook platform, but use Facebook as a medium to connect with and build relationships with customers, not for competitions. The advantage of this alternative is that Molson can build upon the Facebook group that currently exists. Furthermore, they can target the 18-24 year old demographic. Finally, if the relationship is maintained well, this direct contact with their customers can foster brand awareness and brand loyalty. The disadvantages of this alternative would be that consumers might associate the new Facebook initiative with the failed Cold Shot Campus Challenge and react negatively. Another disadvantage is that it is difficult to predict the reaction from different parties. Furthermore, the feedback obtained from the Facebook group must be scrutinized as some people may be pranksters. Finally, it is difficult to quantify results of this initiative. Pros of Alternative 1 Utilize current Facebook groups and website Targets 18-24 year old demographic Cons of Alternative 1 Lingering negative feelings Facebook contests from the Cold Shot Campus Challenge. Unknown customers/future customer response 7 Pros of Alternative 1 Create and maintain relationships with customers and future customers Increase brand awareness Increase brand loyalty Cons of Alternative 1 Unknown outcome Cannot trust the feedback Difficult to quantify results Alternative 2: Use static sites, such as blogs or a static website. Molson has already experimented with blogs and static websites. This advantage of this alternative is that Molson will be able to control the content, and therefore, how they are perceived on the Internet. However, this alternative does not specifically market to their target group of 18-24 year olds. Also, Molson’s competitors will also have websites; therefore it would be hard for Molson to differentiate from the competition. Finally, static websites do not create strong brand loyalty. Pros of Alternative 2 Control content of Internet presence Create an online presence Cons of Alternative 2 Does not build relationship with the client Competition also have websites Does not specifically market to 18-24 year old demographic Does not build brand loyalty Difficult to quantify results Alternative 3: Pull out of social media and focus on traditional marketing methods In this alternative, Molson Canada would stop using social media marketing in their marketing strategy. Instead, Molson will focus on traditional marketing methods. Pros of Alternative 3 Eliminate the risk of social media campaign failure Eliminate ethical issues around the use of social media Eliminate costs associated with maintaining social media sites Cons of Alternative 3 Competitors may gain advantage if they successfully incorporate social media in their marketing strategies Does not take advantage of potential advertising in social media 8 Decision Matrix Criteria Brand Image Competition Customer Loyalty Profitability Total Weight Revamp Facebook 0. 4 3 0. 3 3 0. 2 3 0. 1 3 1. 0 2. 3 Static Web Pages 2 2 1 3 1. 9 No Social Media 1 1 1 1 1. 0 IV. Implementation Action Plan The effectiveness of social media marketing strategies depends on the goals and general direction the company wants to take. The goals of social media marketing strategies tend to revolve around increasing brand awareness, visibility, feedback or promoting a lifestyle. The problem with the Cold Shots Campus Challenge was that the idea it promoted was interpreted as on that was about irresponsible drinking behaviour. Instead, the goal of the new Facebook initiative should be about creating a space where consumers can share their experiences with Molson products. This place will consist of primarily user-generated content (photos, questions, stories, etc), but can be monitored by Molson Canada. It is also a place for Molson Canada to highlight their community involvement activities, new products or other sponsorship initiatives. Also, this Facebook group can direct Facebook users to other social media sites that Molson Canada may have (eg. Youtube channel, Blog content, etc. ). The new Molson Canada Facebook page will be a place where people can share their experiences, opinions and perspectives related to Molson products. The page will be a place of user-generated content, such as photos, anecdotes or links. Furthermore, this Facebook page will be monitored by the Social Media Marketing Specialist. Any requests, complaints or comments should be addressed by the Specialist. Furthermore, this Facebook page will be a way Molson is able to promote other marketing initiatives such as entries on the current Molson blog 9 (blog. molson. com) or the Molson Canada website (molsoncanadian. ca). Using Facebook analytics and Google analytics, Molson will be able to track the growth and popularity of their brand by the number of times they are mentioned in on the Internet. The following is an implementation outline that will be further explained in detail. Part I: Re-launch Facebook Initiative (December 2007- March 2008) a) Creation of Social Media Marketing Specialist Position in the Marketing Operations Department and Social Media Marketing Committee b) Define social media marketing strategy c) Create a new Facebook page d) Launch a contest to promote the new Facebook page a. Cheers to College Caption Contest e) Promote Contest using Facebook Ads Part II: Generating Knowledge from Social Media (ongoing) Part I: Re-launch Facebook Initiative a) Hire a Social Media Marketing Specialist position within the Marketing Operations Department. This individual will report to the director of Marketing Operations and will be responsible for re-launching the Facebook page as well as the Cheers to College Caption Contest. In the future, this position will be the representative of Molson on the Facebook group and will be responsible for responding to Facebook inquiries, generating some content for the Facebook page and for analysing the impact of social media marketing initiatives. This position will also work with the directors of the public relations department, customer relations department, sales and IT department to ensure the Molson brand is consistently represented across all mediums. This working group will be the Social Media Marketing committee and will be responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of the marketing campaign. In the future, this position would deal with social media marketing, relationship building and maintenance of social media sites (Facebook, blog, Twitter, Youtube, Flickr, etc. ). 10 Define social media marketing strategy The next step is to define a social media strategy. This strategy will be developed by the Social Media Marketing committee and will require approval from the director of Molson Canada. The goal of the strategy is to identify the key values or lifestyle that Molson wishes to achieve through social media marketing. Another part of the strategy is to develop methods in which these goals can be achieved. A goal could be the promotion of responsible drinking habits, specifically target to responsible drinking on college campuses. Another goal could be the creation of an informal online community where opinions or experiences about Molson products can be shared. Furthermore, suggestions or complaints can be heard by and addressed by a Molson representative (the Social Media Marketing Specialist). Molson can also consider asking the members of the Facebook Group what they want to see in Molson’s social media marketing strategy and taking their suggestions into consideration. c) Creation of a new Molson Canada Facebook page After the Social Media Marketing Strategy has been approved, the Specialist can create the new and official Molson Canada Facebook page. The reason a new Facebook page should be created rather than using the old page is because of the negative attitudes that have been attached to the old Facebook page. Having a new page will allow Molson Canada more control in terms how Molson is depicted in the information box. The creation of a new Facebook page will also allow Molson Canada to have administrative controls and to view Facebook analytics capabilities, which is essential for tracking the success of the social media marketing campaign. This Facebook page is to be internally maintained to ensure that the Molson brand is consistently represented across all social media platforms (Molson Blog, Facebook groups, Flickr Groups, 11 etc. ) and to integrate the social media strategy with current traditional marketing strategies (social media, traditional methods such as television advertisements, billboards, magazines, etc. ). d) Launch Cheers to College Caption Contest The next step is to launch the Cheers to College Caption Contest on the Facebook group. The goal is to increase awareness of the new Molson Canada Official Facebook group as well as improve Molson’s brand image. The premise of the contest is to allow Facebook group members to write a caption or a tagline to a photo that illuminates the idea of a positive campus experience in a meaningful and humorous way. This professional advertisement photo will be supplied by the advertisement department of Molson Canada. The winning tagline and photo will be used in Molson’s Responsible Choices program and the winner will receive a monetary prize. This contest will run from January 2008 to March 2008 and the winners will be announced in April 2008. Promote contest using Facebook Ads and other Molson Facebook groups such as Molson Canadian, Coors Light pages. To generate knowledge and participation in the Cheers to College Caption Contest, the Specialist will promote the group and contest using Facebook Ads and by posting messages on other Molson Facebook groups, such as Coors Light Facebook page. Part II: Generating Knowledge by monitoring Facebook group activity using Facebook analytics and Google alerts. The Social Media Marketing Specialist is responsible for monitoring the progress of the Facebook social media program. Some tools that the Specialist can use are as follows: response from Facebook users, number of new Facebook group members, participation rate in regards to 12 the Cheers to College Caption Contest and the use of Facebook Insights, Google analytics and Google Alerts. Quantitative measures can be taken from the web-based tools and qualitative measures can be taken from the response from the online community. Figure 2: Google Analytics (www. google. com/analytics) Figure 3: Google Alerts (www. google. com/alerts) 13 Timeline Item Create Social Media Marketing Specialist Position and Social Media Marketing Committee Define Social Media Marketing Strategy Create New Facebook Page Cheers to College Caption Contest Promote using Facebook Ads Monitor Facebook Page Dec’07 Jan’08 Feb’08 Mar’08 Apr’08 May’08 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Contingency Plan and Measurement of Success One of the disadvantages of using Facebook is the difficulty in anticipating consumer responses. One way to mitigate this issue is to ask for feedback from the members on the Facebook group and to take their suggestions into consideration. Another way is to solicit comments on the Molson Blog. The Molson Blog comments can be filtered so that the responses only show publically if they are approved. That way, each comment can be monitored. Another way to address negative reactions is to address every concern or attempt to address every concern a consumer may post on the Facebook wall. Another issue is the difficulty to measure quantitatively, the success of the program. The various online analytical tools mentioned above help mitigate that issue. Based on these analytical tools, the Committee and the Specialist can decide on whether to continue on with the implementation plan or to readjust the plan based on consumer suggestions. Throughout the process, the Social Media Marketing Committee will meet regularly to evaluate the response of the public and to re-evaluate the direction of the Social Media Marketing Campaign. Social media marketing is a fluid and dynamic process. It requires constant monitoring, yet must also adhere to the Molson Brand and corporate strategy, and not be swayed by popular opinion. 14 Cost Initial Cost Social Media Marketing Specialist Contest (photography, monetary awards, legal fees) Facebook Advertisements Recurring Cost Social Media Marketing Specialist Conclusion In conclusion, Molson Canada has an opportunity to take advantage of the new social media marketing on Facebook to gain a competitive advantage and to build brand loyalty. Although the Cold Shots Campus Challenge had to be ended early, this new initiative will succeed because it is internally managed, possesses various checkpoints to ensure its success and, finally, it takes into account consumer insights and viewpoints. Furthermore, this plan has room for growth because of the built in structure of the plan (creation of a new position). Molson Canada is also equipped to adopt other social media sites (such as video sharing sites, photo sharing sites, micro blogging and forums) if they wish to expand their online presence and brand image. These applications are also wide-reaching, meaning that they can also reach international customers and can be translated into numerous languages. This has positive implications on Molson’s international profitability as well as domestic profitability. However, those plans are beyond the scope of this recommendation.

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buy custom Sun, Wind and Drain essay The article under consideration deals with the problems related to the use of solar energy in comparison to the conventional sources of energy in modern terms. The article is headlined Sun, Wind and Drain and has been published on The Economist website on June 26, 2014. The issues raised in the paper are of great importance to environmentalists, scientists, policymakers as well as everyone who is interested in the perspective use of alternative sources of energy. The article discusses the recent conception of assessment of benefits that are drawn from the use of particular source of energy which has been introduced by Charles Frank. According to it, the solar energy is considered to be the most expansive alternative to the conventional sources of energy and the most expansive way of reduction of gas-emissions and diminishing of green-house effect.As it has been mentioned, the article is based upon the newly introduced paper discussing the benefits of solar energy in comparison to the use of fuel or gas. The paper was headlined The Net Benefits of Low and No-carbon Electricity Technologies and written by Charles Frank.From the very beginning, the author asserts that the expenses of the government on the subsidizing of developments in the sphere of alternative energy sources are beyond the reasonable limits. At the same time, he states that even though we can calculate the costs needed for the production and use of solar energy, the cost of electricity is hard to assess as it depends upon the amount of fuel used, time of plant operations, costs of capital, etc. In order to calculate all of this, the economists have invented the term levelised costs which refers to both operational and capital expenses. However, this term keeps silent upon so-called intermittency costs. Indeed, the demand for electricity tends to increase every day, and it is often rather intense during the daytime. At the same time, wind energy largely depends on the weather; sometimes, there are calm days when no or little electricity is produced. The same way, solar energy is available only during the daytime. Therefore, I have now to agree with the author who states that even in case of costs equality, the value of electricity that is produced by alternative sources is lower than the one obtained from the conventional sources of energy.The article goes on discussing Franks approach to the estimation of benefits of each energy source. He asserts that the cheapest energy source that does not produce carbon emissions is nuclear power. However, building the plants producing it is rather expansive though it is still cheaper than the further development and construction of green-energy plants, since the unstable functioning of the latter due to the factors described above requires the preservation of the conventional sources of energy.The article ends up with conclusion that the most effective technology aimed at production of energy with zero emissions is nuclear power. The a uthor notes that whereas most of the developed countries still support the investigations in the field of alternative energy sources, the most pragmatic ones are investing money in building nuclear plants promising both gas emissions reduction and lower price for the decrease of green house effect. It is recommended to better focus upon the reduction of emissions than financing extremely expensive projects related to the elaboration of ways of alternative energy sources use. To some extent, I agree with the author since the perspective of a widespread use of solar or wind energy is still beyond the horizon, whereas nowadays we all face the negative effects of increased gas and fuel emissions. In my opinion, the problem of the latest is more urgent thus has to be addressed first. At the same time, states should focus upon elaboration of the less expensive alternatives for emissions reduction than the use of solar, wind, or other zero-carbon energy. Buy custom "Sun, Wind and Drain" essay

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Owning a bar in the Hobart City is quite an interesting and a fascinating idea. Since the citizens of the Hobart city are quite extrovert, they usually like to spend their leisure hours in a sophisticated bar with their friends or dear ones. The name of the bar will be â€Å"On the Groove.† The plan is that the bar will be having a club with dance floor accompanying it. It is very important to conduct primary and secondary research so that it turns into a successful venture in the long run. The three important issues which is required to be analysed for the opening of a bar in Hobbit are the Location for the setup of bar, to compete with the prevailing competitors and their innovative ideas and the cost involved for setting up and maintenance in a regular manner (Grapebar.com.au, 2016).   The locations of the bar play a major role in its growth and development throughout its existence. Many a time due to the location of bar it gains popularity and customer’s attention as compared to those which are located in less popular areas. The choice of location will totally depend upon the bar will look, the kind of customers which it expects and the level of its contribution which towards the society. The next step will be to decide whether to purchase the requisite location or to take it up on lease. This decision will be depending upon the level of budget which has been proposed for â€Å"on the groove†. At last, it will depend on the owner of the bar how to sync the concept of the bar with the proposed location in order to achieve the best competitive advantage with respect to location and its services. At times, due to the popularity of location, customers usually gets attracted towards the bar to spend their leisure time and this automatically becomes one of the reason behind significant increase in the level of revenue for the bar. So, by choosing proper location for â€Å"On the Groove† the owner can expect increase the level of revenue and can expect prospective advantages accruing from it (Entrepreneur, 2016). It is very important for a bar to always come up with innovative ideas so that it does not loses its customers and it's quite capable to attract the prospective ones regularly. Like, along with the dance floor you can have a mixture or a combination of Sports Bar and beer bar at the same time. This will attract those kinds of customers who are inclined for the above said specialty. It will also be a one stop destination for those people who want to enjoy the drink along with grooving on the dance floor.   With the growing rapid changes in the needs of the customers, it has turned very important to have innovative ideas and to implement the same in the business from time to time. This will not only increase the number of customers but will also increase the level of prospect for the survival in this kind of industry. Not only this, it will be quite successful in gaining an edge upon its competitors in the market. It is very important for being a successful business owner, to underst and the latest Buzz in the market, to remain alert with the changing needs and wants of the customers and also conscious or proactive towards the environment. If the owner of â€Å"On the Groove† is quite innovative and creative it will be a plus point for him to carry out the concept of bar in the Hobart City (Entrepreneur, 2016). In order to proceed further with the concept of setting up a bar it is very important to analyse the target market in the industry. For this, critical analysis and research is to be conducted by collecting data regarding need of the customers in the form of surveys, the current position of similar bars in the state, level of regular and fixed type of investments by its competitors etc. The first and foremost step involved is the amount required for rent or lease followed by the level of investment in fixtures, various licences, opening stock, utilities, payroll, marketing expenses, legal services, types of insurance, accounting and various other miscellaneous expenses . Just for the purpose of consumption, it would be advisable to have 10% of the total other expenses to be allocated for miscellaneous expenses. This will be referred as total initiation cost for â€Å"on the groove†. Other cost like security terms for safety in order to prevent breakout is another important aspe ct to maintain a bar. From the owners point of you, raising a bar is equivalent to nurturing a child right from giving a name to it, ensuring its smooth functioning, hassle-free, higher revenue earnings   can be compared to the style of parenting having a child who is happy, well assured, adjusted and ready for his adulthood in the coming future.   Proper cash settlement by means of collecting the same from the customers, distributing among the employees in terms of their salaries and keeping aside owners share of profit can to add different setup inside the bar for effective cash management setup. This will be the additional cost for the owner. If the owner of the bar has conducted its cost benefit analysis and have considered the above mentioned cost it would be advisable to move ahead with on the groove. Profitability should be ensured to the owner after adjusting all the above mentioned cost judiciously (Entrepreneur, 2016). The above three factors play a major role in deciding the commercial viability of the bar in the Hobbit City. If all the three factors shows positive response during analysis, it would be quiet beneficial to the owner to have a bar in the City. Being updated with innovative ideas and controlled cost it will be a successful venture (Grapebar.com.au, 2016). Entrepreneur. (2016). How to Start a Bar/Club. [online] Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/41460 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Fell, J. (2016). Three Things About Owning a Bar That Might Surprise You. [online] Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219351 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Grapebar.com.au. (2016). The Experience Grape – Wine | Food | Bar. [online] Available at: https://grapebar.com.au/the-experience/ [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016].

Distributed systems and cloud computing Coursework

Distributed systems and cloud computing - Coursework Example buted and cloud computing to meet the requirements of the Agency, keeping in view the main issues includes: the security, cost, scalability, and extensibility. The document focuses on the system architecture components include, but are not limited to the operating system, client interfaces and data storage required to successfully implement the requisite system for the Letting Agency. After thorough analysis and keeping in view the Agency’s situation and considering the advantages and disadvantages of both solutions i-e SOAP based web services and RESTful web services, the recommended design solution is based on SOAP. Finally, the document presents key features of the proposed system design keeping in view the main issues of the Letting Agency and the breakdown of the system component (Coulouris, Dollimore, Kingberg and Blair, 2012). As the ‘Letting Agency’ deals with the trading of the property containing confidential information, therefore, the Agency has allowed accessing the system from the internal network only. This causes a problem that even the employees cannot access the system from any public network. The Agency is facing many problems due to the inconveniences for storing and accessing information from the premises of the customers or public network. In order to solve the problem, the Agency decided to implement web services solution based on the distributed and cloud computing. Currently, there are two (2) main solutions based on the distributed and cloud computing includes: the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) based web services and Representational State Transfer (REST) web services. Each of the web services solutions has its own pros and cons, constraints and limitations. One of the main deliberations required to be considered while designing the solution is the issues pertaining to the agency’s scenario. The issues of the Letting Agency regarding the development of the system include, but are not limited to the scalability of the

Antelope Canyon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Antelope Canyon - Essay Example ly creates awareness among potential tourists, but also affects their rationality in terms of choice, as people tend to opt for something they have some knowledge of. An attempt to sample some of these hotels is provided hereunder. To begin with, the Clarion Inn is a long-stay, comfortable hotel with up to 74 rooms. In addition, the hotel has a business center complete with high-speed internet connectivity (Clarion Inn Motel, 2015). Located at the heart of the beautiful Lake Powell Country, this destination is ideal for individuals who want to enjoy nature’s tranquility. Next is Debbie’s Hide a Way, a hotel with one of the nicest flower patios in the area, can accommodate up to eight guests in their family and romantic hotels (Debbie’s Hide a Way, 2015). Another nice-looking, warmly hotel is the Red Rock Motel. With 14 rooms and a spacious packing lot, the motel offers extra-ordinary comfort at pocket-friendly rates (Red Rock Motel, 2015). Designed with 3 Romantic hotels and 4 Family hotels, Days Inn and Suites offers you amazing coziness at pocket friendly rates. Complete with 82 rooms and a business center with internet connectivity, the suite is idea for business vacations, family outin gs, as well as romantic dates (Antelope Canyon Hotel 2015). Knights Inn is a hotel suitable for family vacation as well as business retreats for the corporate world. Complete with 63 rooms, a spacious business center with internet connectivity (Knights Inn, 2015), this palatial hotel offers the type of comfort comparable to none. Located downtown Page, Best Western Plus is a 132-roomed hotel, with supplementing meeting rooms and business center (Best Western Plus), ideal for families on vacation as well as corporate retreats. In addition, the hotel is located in a convenient place that allows for breathtaking canyon adventures and sightseeing. Comfort Inn & Suites is a well-appointed hotel that offers tourists a luxurious feel. Located along Haul Road, the suite has 68

Illegal Immigration Essay Essay Example for Free

Illegal Immigration Essay Essay Almost all of us can say we are children of immigrants. Either our great grandparents or grandparents came to America for a better life. We know that the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island are the symbols of that great dream that so many sought so many years ago. During a visit to Ellis Island last summer I learned that during the early 1900’s we encouraged immigration because it was a time when our country’s territory had grown and we needed more people to help with the continued development of our country. Today, however, we find that immigration is not seen as a positive for our country, but rather it is unquestionably considered a problem today in America. Immigration law is in the news a lot and immigration policy is a big topic discussed in congress; it is even a major issue for Obama’s administration. Some people in government believe that we should â€Å"close the door† and reduce the amount of people coming into our country; especially as it relates to the problems we have had with terrorist activities. But, I believe that the main problem with immigration is not the legal immigrants who come here following the rules, but rather it’s the illegal immigrants who sneak into our country over borders and then put a burden on our social services and do harm to our country. So, what is the solution? Currently there are almost 12 million illegal immigrants in America and that makes it just too expensive and a big project to just deport all of them at one time, so we need a better plan; something must be done. Illegal immigration inflicts a great threat to America. Aside from the belief that illegal immigrants are stealing jobs from our own citizens and the legal immigrants, but some illegal immigrants are causing crimes. In a 2006 study from January 1999 to April 2006 about 260,000 illegal immigrants committed almost 1 million sex offenses in America. Also illegal immigrants today make up 30% prison population in America. A topic that has been on the news often in other states where there is a lot of illegal immigrant crime is overcrowding of prisons. Many illegal immigrants are coming over and cause crimes and endangering the American citizens. But not all illegal immigrants are bad some illegal immigrants are here because they are trying to make a better live for themselves. Illegal immigration also has a great cost as well. Illegal immigrant households imposed, in total, costs exceeding $26 billion for the federal government, while these immigrants paid only 16 billion dollars in federal taxes, therefore creating a fiscal deficit of $10. 4 billion per year at the federal level. The largest contributors to this deficit were Medicaid with $2. 5 billion, medical treatment for the uninsured with $2. 2 billion, food-assistance programs with $1. billion, the federal prison and court systems with $1. 6 billion, and federal aid to schools with $1. 4 billion. While I believe there are too many illegal immigrants to have them all deported, I do think that those illegal immigrants who are taking up criminal activities are the ones that should be deported; rather than put in our already overcrowded jails. I think the other illegal immigrants who actually want to become a citizen and make a life for themselves should be able to come forward, and if they pass criminal background checks and pay fees and penalties, they can then be eligible for a provisional legal status. Agricultural workers and those who entered as children should also be eligible for the same program. This would provide a process and a way to control the amount of people coming to the country. These individuals would wait until existing legal immigrations become citizens, then they can get in line to become a legal immigrant. I think another thing that could be done is have a startup visa for immigrants who want to come here and start a business. If their business does grow further and is successfu, they should then have the option to stay permanently. This would create more jobs and strengthen the community. I think we should also have programs set up that would help new immigrants coming over find jobs or a list of people to call for work. I also think we should have programs to verify the eligibility of a worker to help employers find people who are available to work. In the president’s plan he had a program called E-verify . I agree with his plan to expand the use of this program. One of the last things I think we should have in our immigration policy is something that encourages education. For example, immigrant children who attend college could also earn credit toward citizenship. I also believe that all immigrants filing for permanent status should also be required to learn English within 5 years of their arrival. It’s crazy that our country spends all that money and time with â€Å"English as second language† classes in schools and in communities. If I decided to go live in Italy, that government would not start to translate all their signs and advertising so that I could understand it. Nor would they pay for me to attend special classes to learn their language. If I decided to live and work in Italy, it would be my responsibility to learn the Italian language before I go there or attempt to become a citizen there. Unfortunately, immigration continues to be a problem mainly because our country can’t handle the huge influx of people wanting to come here. Although our country was founded by â€Å"immigrants†, we no longer are capable of dealing with all the other issues like education, jobs, healthcare and housing, that come with allowing more people to come to our country, I understand there is no easy answer, but I do think we need to make sure we are protecting our country and our citizens first.

E-Money: Affecting Canadian Commerce Essay -- Economics Economy Essays

E-Money: Affecting Canadian Commerce The text "Out of Control", by Kevin Kelly, is an exciting description of the future as seen by the author, a journalist and optimistic technologist. The predictions presented must certainly be taken as entertaining reading that are intended to inspire visions of the future. The predictions of Kelly have already proven to be inaccurate in the four years since publication. The most glaring example of this is electronic commerce. Canada is quickly becoming a leader in electronic commerce, through online banking and direct payment purchases. The coming cashless society presents several opportunities and problems that were not previously available in the paper money world. Canada is now foremost in the world of electronic commerce. The Interac Network is the busiest per capita on Earth. Interac, backed by the Inter-Members Association, is a conglomerate of financial companies who, 14 years ago, agreed to share technology and a national computer network in order to facilitate the introduction of ATM machines. The astounding success of automated banking and "shared cash distribution" inspired direct payment. According to Interac's web site, in 1998 over 1 billion direct payment purchases were made in Canada. That's 32 purchases a second, 24 hours a day, for the entire year! In Kevin Kelly's Out Of Control, Kelly's flair for dramatic exaggeration is accompanied by unrealistic predictions that I find amazing when considering they were made only four years ago. Kelly predicts that the use of bank issued debit cards will "die on the drawing board" because of lack of privacy, cost of cards, and fees for use. The Interac network, caught in what Kelly refers to as the "fax mach... ...e resulting answers will change how our society operates on its most basic economic level. As we approach a Canada ruled by e-money, it will become increasingly interesting to study the changing issues in privacy, encryption technology, banking ethics, and government control. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Canada: http://insight.mcmaster.ca/org/efc/efc.html Kelly, Kevin. Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World. Don Mills: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994. The Mondex Scenario: Transcript. Toronto: CBC Television, March 27, 1997. Rowan, Geoffery. Encryption issue hoists Ottawa onto a tightrope. Toronto: The Globe & Mail, April 22, 1998. RSA Data Security, Inc. Web Page: http://www.rsa.com Tanaka, Tatuso. Possible Economic Consequences of Digital Cash. First Monday, 1996 (2).

With the High Turnover Which Characteristic Employment

The highly turnover rate of employees in tourism, hospitality and event organisation, which is a serious issue concerned by every company, is defined as company’s employees leave their job at a relatively high rate in certain industry. High turnover can result from various numbers of issues of employee which may ignore or neglect by certain company in a certain extract (e. g. dissatisfaction of work, overload work, emergence of competitors, poor management etc).But what is the main reason that caused high turnover in certain industry is that organisations fail to realize the importance of engaging and motivating employees. They tend to assumed that this action is such a waste of time and it is more important to focus on employee’s performance. There are few factors that caused high turnover which can be listed out. Firstly, over burden of work may causes dissatisfaction among employees. They tend to think that they are doing a double or even triple job, but they only ge t a single salary which is underpaid.Moreover, it is common for a professional to know the benefits of equivalent positions. Thus, to fulfil the needs and wants of an individual, one will look for a job with a better salary and consumption and as a result leave the current organisation. Besides that, for an extended of time, some may feel tired of working in a boring and uninspiring job positions which would lead them to change job which is more attractive and challenging compare to the previous organisation.

Yeast Pre-Lab

Yeasts’ capability of undergoing ethanol fermentation, its ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners, and how lactase influences yeasts ability to use lactose as a food source Kristina Naydenova Father Michael Goetz Purpose Part A: To investigate whether yeast has the ability to ferment glucose to produce carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. Part B: To investigate whether yeast has the ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners and how lactase influences their ability to use lactose as a food source. QuestionPart A: Does yeast have the ability of undergoing ethanol fermentation? Part B: Does yeast have the ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners? Does lactase influence the ability of yeast to use lactose as a food source? Hypothesis Part A: If yeast produces carbon dioxide gas (the solution will turn cloudy due to carbon dioxide presence) and ethanol after fermenting glucose then it has the ability to undergo ethanol fermentation bec ause ethanol fermentations reactants consist of glucose and the products consist of carbon dioxide gas and ethanol.Part B: If yeast has the ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners then the products of the solution will consist of carbon dioxide gas and ethanol because the products of ethanol fermentation are carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. If lactase influences the ability of yeast to use lactose as a food source then the yeast will be able to use lactose to produce carbon dioxide gas and ethanol because the yeast will be capable of breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. Materials * Safety goggles| * Lab apron| 4 flasks (100 mL) and 1 stopper| * Wax pencil (for making test tubes)| * Ruler| * 6 large beakers (400 mL)| * Thermometer| * Stopwatch| * 50 mL glucose suspension (10%)| * 50 mL yeast suspension (I package per 100 mL of water)| * Cotton batting| * Limewater| * Warm water (35  °C)| * 10 mL of each of the following solutions: glucose, sucrose, lac tose, and artificial sweetener (10%)| * 10 mL of a suspension of lactose (10%) with a pinch of lactase| * 10 mL of distilled water| * Graduated cylinder| * 6 test tubes (15 mL) with 1 hole rubber stoppers|Variables Procedure 1. The safety goggles and lab apron were put on. 2. Three flasks were labeled as â€Å"yeast and glucose,† â€Å"yeast,† and â€Å"glucose. † 3. 10 mL of glucose solution and 5 mL of yeast suspension were added to the â€Å"yeast and glucose† flask. 4. 10 mL of distilled water with 5 mL of yeast suspension to the â€Å"yeast and glucose† flask as a control. 5. 5 mL of distilled water with 10 mL of glucose solution were added to the â€Å"glucose† flask as a second control. 6. Cotton batting was placed in the mouth of the flasks to reduce air turbulence. . The cotton batting was removed carefully after 24 hours and the contents of each flask were smelled. A slight alcohol odour was detected. 8. Each flask was tested for t he presence of carbon dioxide.The invisible gas mixture was slowly poured into a flask that contains 25 mL of limewater. The limewater flask was stoppered and the contents were swirled to mix the limewater with the gas. Observations were recorded. The flask was rinsed. 25 mL of fresh limewater was added before testing the next gas sample. . A ruler was used to place graduation marks at 0. 5 cm intervals along the sides of the test tubes. 10. Six beakers of warm water (35  °C) were prepared. The beakers were two-thirds full of warm water. 11. The six test tubes were labeled as â€Å"glucose,† â€Å"sucrose,† â€Å"lactose free milk,† â€Å"artificial sweetener (Splenda),†lactose free milk and lactase,† and â€Å"distilled water†. 12. 10 mL of the appropriate solutions to each test tube were added. 13. 5 mL of yeast suspension to each test tube were added.The test tubes were filled. 14. The test tubes were scaled with one-hole stoppers after the mixtures are placed in the test tubes. 15. One test tube was held. The holes in the stopper were covered, and the test tube was inverted and placed into a beaker of warm water. The process was repeated for all six solutions, using a different beaker for each solution. 16. The amount of gas produced after 1, 5 and 10 minutes was recorded using the graduation marks on the test tubes. Observations Table 1.Before and after observations of yeast and glucose, yeast and glucose Solution| Before| After| Yeast and glucose| | | Yeast| | | Glucose | | | Table 2. The amount of gas produced by glucose, sucrose, lactose free milk, artificial sweetener, lactose free milk and lactase, and distilled water after 1, 5 and 10 minutes Solution| Time (1 minute)| Amount of gas| Time (5 minutes)| Amount of Gas| Time (10 minutes)| Amount of Gas| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Freedom after September 11 essays

Freedom after September 11 essays Freedom After the September 11th Tragedy There are a very large number of people in the United States of America that may say that freedom, as we have known it, will never be the same in this country again after the Tragedy of September 11th. Although some people may think that this event has no direct effect on the freedoms of other Americans, I have a strong belief that it does. There are two major reasons that I think our freedom is in jeopardy. One reason is because the September 11th tragedy brought a multitude of stereotypes into the minds of the ignorant in America. These stereotypes put the freedoms of Islamic Americans in jeopardy. The other reason I think that our freedom is in jeopardy is that the Taliban had friends as well. If the Taliban attacked our freedom, who is to say that their friends will I immediately thought about the Americans who are of Islamic and Muslim descent when the tragedy occurred. As an African American, I know a great deal about being stereotyped; so I can see how Islamic Americans might feel during these times. Since the tragedy, many of these Islamic Americans have been stereotyped abs being terrorists or bomb manufacturers. They are looked down on and stereotyped because of their ancestry and because of the way they look. This is a violation of their freedom. Hopefully, Americans as a whole will be able to put a stop to all of the negative stereotypes because when Islamic Americans feel that they have been robbed of their freedom, our freedom as a whole will be greatly damaged, too. Another reason that I feel our countrys freedom is in danger is because of the Talibans allies. I honestly do not think that the Taliban acted alone in their attempt to destroy the United States. Everyone has at least one friend and the Taliban is no ...

What is a theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is a theory - Essay Example In this scientific stage, experiments and accumulation of empirical data played a major role in arriving at general statements. It was a down-up approach of knowledge acquisitions where a wider base of empirical data was used to precisely make predictions and explain phenomena. On the other hand, theoretical stage is characterized by use of abstract statements that not only explain observed phenomenal in a unified manner, but also yield predictions far beyond the reach of inductive methods. Theories according to Hung are produced by mind just the way empirical data are a product of our common senses. The scientists who create such theories are called theoreticians and the field of science is full of them such as Newton, Dalton, and Franklin just to mention a few1. Contrastingly, the use of theories in search of knowledge is a top-down approach2. Scientists believe that an empirical generalization of a phenomenal no matter how many instances of confirmations is not enough to warrant scientific conclusions. The generalizations are not trustworthy unless they are supported by a theory. Otherwise the generalization statements may look like a mare fantasy of our senses and ad hoc conclusions. Theories occupy a central place in advancement and development of science without which scientific discovery may be seen as brute irrational facts. Hung argues that, theories make science rational and aesthetically pleasing3. Nature of Scientific Theories In science, it means an explanation or model that covers a substantial group of occurrences in nature and has been confirmed by a substantial number of experiments and observations. A theory may have one statements or a number of statements. Most scientific theories are enthymemes. This means they contain hidden premises called auxiliary hypotheses which help us understand the implications of a theory. For instance, the statement "Earth is round", if a ship should sail away over the horizon, the hull disappear before the masthead does, is invalid unless supported by an extra premises such as "light travel in a straight line". Normally this extra premise is omitted in many theories as scientists take them as too obvious to warrant any explanation4. A theory is more general and better verified than a hypothesis. Thus can be referred to as a theoretical hypothesis. Unlike empirical generalizations, theories are free inventions of mind. For instance Newton devised theory of gravity to explain why things fall down; Dalton invented a theory of atoms to explain why certain things can combine with others. In all the above theories, none had access to these new phenomena such as gravitation force or the micro particles of atoms world. However, through their imaginations they were able to come up with this wonderful discovery of the invisible world. Consequently, one may ask; why then should scientists accept this imaginative creativity of scientists and refute the imaginations of a lay person It should be noted that scientists imaginations is different from a lay person dreams of unreal world since scientific theories had passed the acid test of logical feature that affirm a good theory. Not all theories are good per se, therefore, there is need to investigate the logical features of a good theory. According to Hung, a good theory must explain

Augmented Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Augmented Reality - Essay Example Whereas adoption of AR in businesses and organisations is still in its early stages, AR technology can be said to have matured to a position where firms can utilise it as an in-house tool to enhance as well as complement business workflow, employee training as well as processes. Augmented technology assists in business innovation through facilitating real-time making of decisions via virtual visualisation and prototyping of content. Augmented Reality also offers the uppermost advantage to efficiency.AR therefore has got the potential to enhance productivity, offer hands-on experience, make simpler current processes, amplify available information, offer real time accessibility to data, provide new methods to envisage problems as well as solutions and finally improve collaboration. Information technology organisations can make use of AR to not only bridge the digital world but also the physical world as well. Thus Augmented Reality is a unique opportunity for Information Technology to offer leadership so as to improve the firm’s interaction with its in-house user base. Nevertheless, firms have utilised AR for in house functions in the past for particular and limited assignments, developing internal solutions for utilising custom software and hardware. It is expected, in future, that firms will adopt AR, especially with the advent of handheld convenient, affordable devices like tablets and smart phones, thus making in house IR applications extensively

My response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My response - Essay Example It is a reflection of numerous economic indicators, offering an overall measure of the economic growth, competitiveness, and the living standards that are dominant in an economy. It is labor productivity which explains the basics needed to understand econmic growth and social development (Freeman). Increase in labor productivity is said to increase the standard of living in an economy. When productivity increases, the price of products and services decreases which in turns increases domestic as well as foreign consumption for those particular products and services. To meet this increase in demand, overall production increases which utilizes more use of equipment and a greater demand for workforce. Hence, employment increases, real wages of the working class grow and the overall economy flourishes (Galarneau and Dumas). The first 3 paragraphs of the article ‘One Pay Gap Shrinks, Another Grows’ basically tells about how income distribution has not been equal. It is said that the major argument is not whether men have done better than women or vice versa. It is true that women are winning the race of obtaining college diplomas and male high school dropouts are at the top of those suffering the repercussions of the poor job situation. However, it is not only the education system that needs to be revised for better income distribution. The question that matters and need to be answered is ‘why the median worker hasn’t earned more’. There certainly has been an increase in overall wages, but this increase is very moderate. It is also believed that productivity is good but not at par with growth 1947-1963. According to the sources, the bottom 80% of the people would have had $670 billion more of what they have now if the growth rate would had been constant from 60s. This means that the growth rate is perfectly fine but the income has not been distributed equally.

Radio and the Music Industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15750 words

Radio and the Music Industry - Dissertation Example During the mid to late 1880’s numerous inventors including Edison, Berliner, and Bell were experimenting with a new invention called the gramophone.   By 1889 Edward Easton opened the Colombia Phonograph Company.   The recording industry was in its infancy.   The first recording Easton made was John Philip Sousa directing the United States Marine Corp Band that same year.   During this time, Marconi and his company made many advances during the next several years including: erecting the first commercial radio station in 1898 on Rathlin Island off the coast of Ireland. (â€Å"Brief History† â€Å"Pre 1900† 2004, screen 2).   In 1893 Emile Berliner made major breakthroughs with the phonograph.   His company, the U. S. Gramophone company the following year sold 1,000 of the machines, most crank type although a few were motorized.   The same year he discovered that shellac worked much better than what had been used for producing ‘records’, which until that time was a hard rubber.   In 1894 Guglielmo Marconi having heard about recent development with sound waves made the first successful radio transmission from his home, a distance of just over one mile.   The following year he travelled to England and received a patent for his â€Å"wireless† telegraphy.   By 1896, â€Å"Eldridge Johnson improved the gramophone with a motor designed by Levi Montross and his own patent 601,198 filed Aug. 19, 1897, for a simple and inexpensive machine that became the most popular disc phonograph by 1900; he then merged his Consolidated Talking Machine Co. with Berliner's company.

The Prevalence of Microorganisms in Hospital Wards

The Prevalence of Microorganisms in Hospital Wards CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Hospital acquired infection are also known as nosocomial infection are infections acquired from healthcare services (hospitals) during treatment, which are secondary to the patients original condition. The source and spread of organisms inside the hospital are important issues, human related organisms or the body flora, also found in clothing are spread through shedding during human activities(Ekhaise et al., 2010). Although many such infections occur in patients, infections acquired at work by staff members also are considered nosocomial infections. Many factors can contribute to the acquisition of nosocomial infections, and no single factor or condition to explain why they occur. The most significant factor for determining the outcome of infection is the immunological state of the host. The nosocomial infections are often related to therapeutic and diagnostic procedures that are routinely employed in health care. For more than a century, this issue has been recognized as a critical problem which affects the quality of healthcare and a principal source of adverse outcomes. The patients who are immunocompromised are often hospitalized and undergo invasive examination and treatments thus hospital environment may facilitate the transmission of microorganisms among patients. The intense use of antibiotic promotes antibiotic resistance for the pathogenic microorganisms whereas changes in the medical practices continually present new opportunities for the development of infection (Dilip Kumar et al., 2013). According to Baveja in 2002, the term hospital acquired infection, hospital- associated infection, hospital infection or nosocomial infection(nosocomion,meaning hospital) is defined as infection developing in patients after admission to the hospital ,which was neither present nor in the incubation period at the time of hospitalization . Such infections may become evident during their stay in the hospital or sometimes after their discharge. According to Gupte in 2006, sources of hospital acquired infection are infecting microorganisms from fellow patients which may be multidrug resistant, infecting organisms from hospital staff, infecting organisms from instrument, blood products, intravenous fluid, from patient’s normal flora, etc, insects are also source multidrug infection, organism may be present in air, dust, water, antiseptic solution, food, surfaces contaminated by patient’s secretions, blood fluid, etc. In all over the world weather it is a developing or developed countries, this hospital acquired infection have assumed worrisome proportions in all healthcare scenarios (Col Shivinder Singh, et al 2015). As much as 80% of the estimated hospital deaths are related either directly or indirectly from Hospital Acquired Infection (Hughes et al, 2005). Patients are likely to get sick in hospital due to wide variety of microorganisms which are responsible for many different kinds of hospital infection. Thus during the stay of patients in the hospital it has become increasingly unsafe place. Thus infection has become a significant health hazard and requires great expense for final outcome of treatment. Infection safety (IC) is a quality standard which is essential for safety of patients, staff and visitors. It involves issues like clinical governance, risk management, quality of health and safety which affects most departments of the hospital (Dhayana Sharon Ross et al., 2014). Hospi ­tals have the potential for pathogen spread because they have contact with instruments, medical furniture, medical staff, skin, air, physical facilities and drainage. Contaminated environment are the main cause for such pathogens thus strict safety biosecurity procedures is to be applied (Mazzali M et al., 2003). The common nosocomial infections are mainly include urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, respiratory tract infections, blood stream infections, skin infections, gastrointestinal tract infections and central nervous system infections. These are mainly caused by Staphylococci, Pseudomonas, E.coli etc. And the common antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections include the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE). Many different environmental factors may either help or prevent the transmission of microorganisms. Hospital environment are the one where both infected person and persons who is at increased risk of infection assemble (Mayon et al., 1988) Today HAIs affects more than 2million patients annually, at a cost of 4.5 billion (Apostolopoulou and Veldekis 2005). The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of microorganisms in hospital wards of National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore. Many different wards such as female neurology ward, male neurology ward, male neurosurgery ward, female neurosurgery ward, male pshyciatry ward, female pshyciatry ward, paediatric neurology ward, paediatric neurosurgery ward, de- addiction ward, short stay ward, head injury ward and step down ward was chosen for the study due to its high patronage by patients from all over India. Labs such as clinical microbiology lab, fluorescent microscope room, NABL room, bactec room and neuromicrobiology lab was also taken into consideration in order to ascertain the nature of microorganisms present. REVIEW OF LITERATURE When we think about hospital, one thing comes to our mind is â€Å"Hospital is the place for cure†. This revolutionary idea of treating the patients under the same roof was considered to ease the job of healing. But due to lack of knowledge of sterilization and antisepsis, it turned wrong in Pre- Listerian era leading to gangrene and death of patients which were suffering from wounds. Due to this reason a new discipline was emerged called as senics which was mainly dealing with the Hospital Acquired Infection (Nosocomial Infection). Semmelwis in 1861 with the help of medical officer and students observed the association of Puerperal sepsis in patients. Thus by the introduction of hand washing with chlorinated lime, he was successful to bring dramatic reduction in infection rate. Hospital acquired infection (HAI) are infections acquired during hospitalization, which are not present at eh time of admission (Atata et al, 2006). Due to its increased mortality and morbidity in the hospital patients these HAIs are of significant cause. HAIs are also caused due to prolonged hospital stay which are inconvenient for the patient and constitute economic burden on health care (Malhotra S, et al 2014). Dancer in 1999,depicts that microorganisms which are associated with hospital acquired infection displays two important characteristics, firstly those are the pathogens of well-established medical importance and secondly they also can withstand the hospital environment which benefits them outside temperature. Thus providing an appropriate environment niche for their survival until they transfer back to patients. Some pathogens originate from patients own flora especially those who are immunocompromised whereas others can survive in human tissues and thus rely upon person to person spread in order to disseminate. The patients who are immunocompromised due to underlying diseases, medical or surgical treatment, age are typically affected by nosocomial infections. In pediatric ICU, the hospital acquired infections are approximately three times higher than elsewhere in hospitals (Weistein 2006). Pathogen transference occurs most commonly by presence of bacterial or fungi in inanimate surfaces and equipment or between the hands of health professionals and patients (Kayabas et al., 2008). The transmission of microorganisms from hands of health care workers, medical equipment and surfaces which has become contaminated with a wide variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms has become a significant proportion of hospital environment infection which ultimately results in crosscontamination (Sehulster et al., 2003). When compared to other hospital patients, the patients who are hospitalized in ICUs are 5-10 times more likely to acquire nosocomial infection. The risk of infection and the frequency of infection vary by infection site. The increasing incidence of infection is caused mainly by antibiotic-resistant pathogens leading to seriousness of hospital acquired infection (Weber 2006). Some of the common human pathogens like, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp, En ­ terococcus spp and Escherichia coli can survive for longer periods of time on the hospital surfaces or formites that can potentially transmit infectious organisms(Kramer et al., 2006). The primary sources of indoor air contamination are the microorganisms. When compared to outside air environment, the indoor air environment can potentially place patients a greater risk because enclosed spaces can confine aerosols and allow them to build up to infectious level. The relative humidity and/ or the moisture content of the materials determine that to what extent different micro-organisms are able to grow on indoor or outdoor materials (Dhanasekaran et al., 2009). Adebolu and Vhriterhire in 2002 reported that magnitude of hospital acquired infection is dependent upon the number and type of visitors, mechanical movement within the enclosed space, quality of hospital systems and level of hygienic conditions in hospital environment. Hand hygiene has been considered to be the most important tool in nosocomial infections control. One of the significant contributors to the outbreaks of this hospital environment infection is failure to perform appropriate hand hygiene. Resident and transient microorganisms are known to be the natural microflora of the skin of hands. The resident microorganisms survive and multiply on skin and does not cause any harm to human flora whereas transient microorganisms represent recent contamination of hands which is acquired from colonized or infected patients/clients or contaminated environment or equipment. These transient microorganisms are not isolated consistently from most of the persons. When compared to resident microorganisms, the transient microorganisms which are found on the hands of health care personnel will become as a primary source of infections. Gram negative coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus has been known to be the most common transient microorganisms (Sarmad et al. , 2009). Appropriate hand washing results in reduced incidence of both nosocomial and community infection (Kampf et al., 2004). BIBILOGRAPHY Dhyana Sharon Ross., Dr. S. Vasantha. 2014. A Study on hospital acquired infections (HAI), control and management. International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology. 3(1): 2319-8753. Atata, R.F., Ibrahim, Y.K.E., Akanbi II, A.A., Urinola, P.F., and Saui.A. 2006. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in a tertiary health care institution in Nigeria (2000-2002), Journal of applied and environmental sciences. 2(2): 212-215. Malhotra S, Sharma S, Hans C. 2014. Prevalence of hospital acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital in India. International journal of medicine and medical sciences. 1(7): 2315-9844. Col Shivindra Singh, Col Rakhee Goyal, Brig G.S Ramesh, Maj Gen V., Ravishankar, Gp Capt R.M. Sharma, Maj D.V. Bhargava, Lt Col S.k. Singh, Maj M.K. John, Surg Lt Cdr Anoop Sharma. 2015. Medical journal armed forces India. 71: 28-32. Hughes AJ, Ariffin N, Huat T.L., Abdul Molok H, Hashim S, Sarijo J, Abdul Latif N.H., Abu Hanifah Y, Kamarulzaman A. 2005. Prevalence of nosocomial infection and antibiotic use at a university medical center in Malaysia. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiolgy. 26:100-4. Dancer S J. 1999. Mopping up hospital infection. Journal of hospital infection. 85-90. Robert F. Boyd, J.Joseph Mare. 1990. Medical Microbiology. Little, Brown and Company Boston. 1980. (1), 701-713. C.P Baveja. 2005. Arya publication. 2. Dileep Kumar Sharma, yogendra Kumar Tiwari, Nitya Vyas, Rakesh Kumar Maheshwari. 2013. An investigation of the incidence of Nosocomial infection among the patients admitted in the intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital in Rajhastan, India. International Journal of Current microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2(10): 428-435. Adebolu, T.T. and K.J. Vhriterhire. 2002. Survery of the microbial flora of the Ondo State Specialist Hospital Environment, Akure, Nigeria. National Journal of Microbiology 16(112): 91-94. F.O.Ekhaise, E.E.Isitor, O.Idehen, A.O.Emoghene. 2010. Airborne microflora in the atmosphere of an hospital environment of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH),Benin City, Nigeria. World journal of Agriculture Sciences 6(2): 166-170. Ekhaise, F.O., O.U. Ighosewe, O.D. Ajakpori. 2008. Hospital indoor airborne microflora in private and government owned hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria. World Journal of Medical Science. 3(1): 34-38. Dutkiewicz, J. M. Augustowska. 2006. Variability of airborne microflora in a hospital ward with a period of one year. Annals of Agriculture and Environmental Medicine. 13: 99-106. Sehulster L, Chinn RY. 2003. Guidelines for environmental infection control in healthcare facilities. Recommendation of CDC and the healthcare Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Recommendation and Report. 52(RR-10):1-42. Kayabas U, Bayraktar M, Otlu B, Ugras M, Ersoy Y, Bayindir Y. 2008. An outbreak of pseudomonas aeruginosa because of inadequate disinfection procedures in a urology unit: a Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis based epidemiologic study. American Journal of Infection Control. 36(1): 33-8. Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G. 2006. How long do Nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infectious Disease. 6:130. Sarmad, M.H Zeiny. 2009. Isolation of some Microorganisms from Bar Soaps and Liquid Soaps in Hospital Environments. Iraqi Journal of pharmaceutical Sciences. 18(1). 18.Muller J.H., J. Hinton. 1941. A protein-free medium for primary isolation of gonococcus and meningococcus. Proceedings of the society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 48:3330-333. 19.M.H.Gordon, T.G.M. Hine. 1016. An experimental study of the cultural requirements of the Meningococcus. British Medical Journal. 2(2916): 678-684. 20.Baure, A.L., M.M. Kirby, J.C Sherris, M. Turck. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 45:493-896. Not Written in Referrence. Apostolopoulou, E., and Veldekis, D. 2005. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in intensive care unit: excess nursing workload, extra costs. Icus Nurs Web J.. Gupte S. The short text book of medical microbiology.Japyee brothers medical publishers (p) ltd: New Delhi; 2006. 471-473. Weinstein.A.Nosocomial infections Update.www.ftp.cdc.gov/pub/eid/ vol4no3/adobe/weinstein.pdf . March-2006. Weber. Nosocomial infections in the ICU-the growing concern of antibioticresistant pathogen. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/guerv.fcgi. April- 2006. MacFaddin J.F,. 1985. Media for isolation-Cultivation-Identification-Maintenance of Medical Bacteria. Vol.1, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore

Professional, Ethical and Legal issues in nursing Essay -- Health Care

According to American Nurses Association (ANA), (2010) â€Å"the nurse promotes, advocates for and strives to protect the heath, safety and right of the patient† (p. 6). Nursing responsibilities should be acted at the highest standard and must be based on legal and ethical obligations. Healthcare provider’s perception and judgment in the patient’s well being as well as taking into account the right of the patient in every action is one of the key elements in nursing practice. International Council of Nurses (ICN), (2006) states â€Å"The nurse at all times maintains standards of personal conduct which reflect well on the profession and enhance public confidence† (p. 3). Furthermore, nursing action guided by theory and principles of moral and legal rights complements excellent nursing care. Nurse’s awareness in moral and legal codes helps them control the complicated scenario encountered and direct the nurses in the best possible action answerable by law (Lachman, 2006). In this essay the author will rationalize the relevance of professional, ethical and legal regulations in the practice of nursing. The author will discuss and analyze the chosen scenario and critically review the action taken in the expense of the patient and the care workers. In addition, the author will also evaluates the strength and limitations of the scenario in a broader issue with reasonable judgement supported by theories and principles of ethical and legal standards. In accordance with Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), (2008) all identifiable details have been changed in accordance with (NMC, 2010). The author as a healthcare assistant working in the nursing home will present a scenario of Mrs. Keller (not her real name) who is confined in the dementia u... ...r investigation and then devise a plan for best possible action recognizing the rights of the patient and its benefits followed by the application of the chosen intervention with positive outcome in mind (Wells, 2007). Delivery of excellent and quality of care at constant level (NMC, 2008) must be marked in any responsibilities and duties of the care provider to promote exceptional nursing practice Codes of nursing ethics and legal legislation have addressed almost all the necessary action in making decision in consideration to the best interest of the patient. Nurses must make sure that they are all guided by the set standard to lead their action and produced desirable and ethically sound outcome. However, it is realistic to acknowledge that there are some instances that moral act contradict legal act, in this case, the principle of prima facie can be applied.

Global Warming Will Lower Sea Levels Essay

Those who are highlighting the danger of global warming would not hesitate to relate it to a high sea level rise simply because according to their premise when there is global warming it affects both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, whereby the melting ice will eventually raise the sea level. The IPCC, the UN branch office that deals with scientific research had predicted a 20 inches sea level rise around the year 2100 and it is obvious that it has based it findings on the above assumption. Other suggestions and analysis indicate that what will in fact happen is the opposite where the global warming if it is true will either slow down the level of sea rise or will reduce it. The new analysis looks at two factual findings. The fact that the Earth temperature had risen 0. 6 degree Celsius in the last 100 years and the sea level had risen by 18 cm. What these analysts are focusing at is there is no relation between the two and especially the rise in sea level occurred independent of what happened to the temperature to a larger extent. What contributed to the rise of the seal level to 18 centimeters starts from the thermal expansion of the warming water body, especially the oceans and that contributed to 4 cm. What comes next is the melting of the so-called continental glaciers that accounted for 3. 5 cm rise level. The polar regions contributed to the lowering of the sea level simply because the warming of the temperature has evaporated more water and some of it rains in the Polar Regions adding to the amount of ice on these regions, hence there will be less water in the seas. But the findings highlight one shortcoming which is that the total amount of rise through the two activities adds up to only 20 percent of the total amount giving hint that there should be other sources contributing to the rise of the sea level other than the current global warming. What this led to was to depend on geological observations that revealed the sea level had been rising constantly for the last centuries at a rate similar to the last 100 years. Accordingly, there was sea level rise in the Little Ice Age from 1450 to 1850 indicating that if there were going to be a sea level rise it would be independent of what is happening in the environment. It was possible to arrive at such hypothesis using a data published on the melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet tracing it back to the end of the last ice age. Hence, the conclusion arrived at was since there had been a 120 meters rise in sea level since the last ice age that took place 18,000 years ago, the melting is still in process and will continue to do so for the coming 7000 years independent of what is going to happen to the present day temperature. What could change this course might be the arrival of another Ice Age, which is not in the prediction. In reality it is possible to say that a global warming caused by human activity cannot contribute to the rise of sea level since the record shows the climate warmed much between 1900 and 1940 and cooled down from 1940 – 1975. The outcome was the sea level rise slowed when the temperature was warmer and it increased when it was colder. The relation here is the two components thermal expansion and glacier melting had a lesser effect on the sea rise level when compared to the ice accumulation on the Polar Regions from the rain caused from warmer weather. Hence, it is possible to make a firm conclusion that warmer air or the current global warming will not contribute to the rising level of the sea. Instead, as it was illustrated it will bring it down by simply changing the amount of water into ice and depositing it on the Polar Regions. In spite of this analysis, the findings based on computer simulation try to demonstrate that the warming of the global temperature due to human induced activities will result in raising the sea level revealing that there is something wrong with such assumption (9). Conclusion In spite of the findings from various sources accurate, satellite measurement taken have not found any trace of global warming. Weather balloons also had shown similar findings. There are indications that the temperature had been rising starting form 1880 but such rise in temperature cannot be caused by greenhouse gases that are coming into existences from human induced activity mainly centered on burning of fossil oil and through the introduction of a developed and new method of land use. The other indication that shows the findings could be wrong is most of the measurements could reflect the temperature and air condition found closer to highly populated cities. All the feared outcomes of a high temperature brought into existence because of the greenhouse effect such as heat wave, hurricanes, or epidemic disease did not occur. If there had been a temperature rise to talk about, it was observed in the nighttime and winter season. Overall, it is possible to discredit the greenhouse apocalypse outright simply because it was not accompanied with all the catastrophic disasters that were predicted and anticipated (10). Even economists are wary of all the concerns simply because there might not be a discernable effect that will materialize from postponing the reduction of the greenhouse gas by another 20 years and see what the outcome will be. One of the reasons for that is meeting the greenhouse gas reduction effort would require getting rid of a big chunk of capital goods before they complete their useful life and that might not make economical sense for something that lacks scientific proof. But there is no doubt that such plans could be part of a long term process of any undertaking and the burden could also be eased as new technologies pertaining to the warming of the globe become readily available. The Kyoto Protocol itself would cost between $7 and $12 billion annually if it is implemented, a sum everyone is not comfortable with, simply because implementing the Protocol alone would cost each household up to $2000 annually and could raise home heating cost by at least 70 percent. Since people, especially those living in the advanced regions are heavily dependant on energy for their day-to-day living, raising the cost permanently to any extent would have a devastating effect, even if energy price is already very high. The only relief is since it fluctuates consumers could stretch their earnings whenever possible. It is possible to take it a bit further and see that if the assumption that the global temperature is rising to a dangerous level is true, a simple cost introduction of raising the federal fuel economy standard from 27. 5 miles to more than 40 miles itself will be costly, since it is such kinds of drastic measures that will bring down the amount of the greenhouse effect as automobiles are the worst source of pollution. The domino effect of such measures will lead to raising the price of cars, while at the same time such cars would have to be compact reducing the safety of cars that is feared to raise the number of fatalities form where it is currently at 4000 annually. The fact that the findings are heavily dependant on observation and computer simulation makes the concern a bit groundless since carbon dioxide is not a deadly gas to have in the atmosphere after all. The reason for that is the more carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere it adds to thriving of plants that have various use for it. It is not only that if what is said about the meltdown is true that is another advantage for agriculture since there will be more land to put into agriculture that will lead to more foods in the world even if there is no proof that there is shortage of food in the regions where the land is covered with ice sheet. Other areas that would benefit from global warming are those who live in areas where the winter season is cold and long. Regions like that could enjoy longer summer seasons, which would mean longer growing period that will add to the amount of food produced. There are findings that the warmer weather is also good for the health of people in such a way that medical cost in most of the cold regions would come down and the quality life of in such regions would get enhancement. The fear centered on the rise of the sea level that would come into existence when the ice from the Polar Regions melts because of the warm climate for the most part is groundless. The reason for that is the warm weather heats the water from the sea changing it into vapor that will come down as rain. The rainfall that takes place in the Polar Regions would not find its way back into the seas, instead it would add on the amount of ice that is already in existence in the region. This process has dual advantages where the first one is it will add to the amount of ice in the Polar Regions defying the fear that the warming of the climate is causing the ice of the region to melt. Secondly, the amount of seawater will come down through the process since some of it will become ice. Hence, it is possible to say that the warming of the climate is good for the Polar Regions since they would get more ice through the natural process. That might have some disadvantages in other areas, because the melting of the ice from the Polar Regions is not without a merit. One of the merit is this particular harsh region could become more habitable where there will be more lands opened for farming, for housing, and industrial development leading to a huge economic activity that will boost the outcome in agriculture and other venues. At the same time, there is an observation concerning the opening of new routes that will be advantageous for trade as well for the tourist industry. However, one disadvantage cited was it might affect the wildlife of the region where, for example, the polar bear is on the list to become extinct at the end of this century. Since the presumption is it will take many centuries for the ice of the whole region to melt away, the only inconvenience wildlife might encounter is going farther to where the dense ice is located. This by itself is advantageous since some of the wildlife is becoming a threat by coming closer to where there are human inhabitants. Overall, since everything surrounding global warming is still a hypothesis that borders fear, where if some measure is not in place now the future could be disastrous and could become out of control, it is not possible to fully rely on the grim pictures that the alarmists are painting. The reality is life goes on normally in the regions even if a few incidents of melting ice sheets into the sea had occurred. The answer for such incidents is it is the outcome of the weather variation where in the summer time it is natural that the level of the ice could get thinner in the edge area and when the winter season is around it will again attain its thickness. The proof for this is there is not yet any documentation where because of global warming the inhabitants of the area had gained more access to land for farming or for any other purpose. The outcome is the same from observations made in other areas where none of the feared apocalyptic fears had taken place. Nevertheless, if the weather becomes warmer cold regions could rip numerous advantages that include less death toll, better health, and better living condition since the summer season is short in these regions. That alone contributes to a much shorter food growing and recreation season. Other than that, if there is call for action, there is none better than to exert more effort to come up with a concrete scientific proof in the place of the presumption that is prevalent now. What the existing finding avails for the world is there are concerned groups that are claiming that there is a global warming that is causing the sea level to rise and is contributing to the melting of the ice caps, which is the habitat of wildlife such as polar bears that are feared to become extinct in the beginning the year 2100. The other major concern is the reducing of the greenhouse gases, which has a very high price tag attached to it. The findings will have to lean fully on scientific findings that would require more funding and time, but the cost involved might not be equivalent to what businesses are fearing to incur in the coming few years simply to meet certain standards that are believed to contribute in controlling the emission of certain gases into the atmosphere. If the implemented measures are scientific it will be worth the effort, otherwise it will be a waste of resources. Currently, since there is no settled scientific proof there is a division in the public’s opinion where the number of people who do not believe in global warming is much higher, no matter how inundated they are by the media and environmental groups. This might have a serious effect simply because it is the same people who cannot be convinced about the pollution level that is prevalent who are responsible in various ways to add to the pollution problem. Educating them based on hypothesis will also make the job difficult because the message they would get from such effort would vary. Another problem cited was that the existing effort through the Kyoto Protocol is to bring down the emission level back to where it was in the 1990s a premise that does not make sense since there might not be an accurate measurement in place that shows what level the emission was before the 1990s. Such shortcomings highlight that the primary effort should focus on finding a settled scientific consensus and after that, the effort of popularizing a concept based on hypothesis might dwindle down. REFERENCE 1. Bailey, R. (2004, November). Two Sides of The global warming: Is It Proven Fact or Just Conventional Wisdom? Reason Magazine. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://www. reason. com/news/show/34939. html 2. UN Report, Global Warming Caused by Human Activity. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from www. newstarget. com/021565. html